Effect of Fish Meal Substitution with Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Growth Performance, Feed Stability, Blood Biochemistry, and Liver and Gut Morphology of Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens)

Insects such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are gaining interest among researchers and the aquafeed industry due to fluctuating price supply of fish meal (FM). This study evaluated growth performance, feed stability, blood biochemistry, liver gut morphology Betta splendens using BSFL an alternative FM. Five formulated diets were prepared: 0% BSFL, 6.5% 13% 19.5% 24.5% BSFL. The expansion rate, pellet durability index, floatability, bulk density, water stability prepared have been assessed. Except for diameter feed, all parameters studied differed significantly ( p < 0.05 ) across experimental diets. After 60 days, fed with had highest final length, weight, net weight gain, specific gastrointestinal mean standard deviation values id="M2"> 3.97 ± 0.43 cm, id="M3"> 3.95 0.1 g, id="M4"> 2.78 id="M5"> 4.63 0.17 , id="M6"> 4.65 0.13 id="M7"> 237.26 7.9 % id="M8"> 0.04 0.01 mg, respectively. Similar haematology biochemical properties, including corpuscular volume, lymphocytes, white cells, red haematocrit, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, id="M9"> in diet group compared other treatment groups. In addition, a significant impact id="M10"> on villus width, crypt depth anterior posterior guts B. splendens. intact epithelial barrier goblet cell arrangement well-organized structure tunica muscularis, Furthermore, was altered different inclusions; FM demonstrated better nuclei cytoplasm than conclusion, replacing could improve parameters, intestine splendens, thus providing promising ornamental freshwater fish.